References

Web Sites:

Animals: Corals and Coral Reefs. Sea World. Web. April 24th, 2012.

Corals. NOAA Ocean Service Education. Web. April 25th, 2012.

Exploring Hawaii's Coral Reefs. Pacific Whale. Web. April 22nd, 2012.

NOAA Coral Reef Conservation Program. NOAA. Web. April 23rd, 2012.

PMEL Carbon Program. NOAA. Web. April 25th, 2012.

The First Four Years: Hawaii Coral Reef Initiative Research Program 1998-2002. Hawaii Coral Reef Initiative. Web. April 22nd, 2012.

U.S. residents say Hawaii's coral reef ecosystems worth $33.57 billion per a year. NOAA, October 21st, 2011. Web. April 26th, 2012.


Primary Sources:

Deutsch, C., Tewksbury, J., Huey, R., et. al. Impacts of climate warming on terrestrial ectotherms across latitude. PNAS Volume (2008), 105.

Douglas, A.E. Coral bleaching - how and why?. Marine Pollution Bulletin 46 (2003), pgs. 385-392.

Hoegh-Guldberg, O., Mumby, P.J., Hooten, A.J., et. al. Coral Reefs Under Rapid Climate Change and Ocean Acidification. Science (2007), Volume 318, pgs. 1737-1742.

Jokiel, Paul, and Brown, Erik. Global warming, regional trends and inshore environmental conditions influence coral bleaching in Hawaii. Global Change Biology (2004), Volume 10, pgs. 1627-1641.

Jokiel, P.L., and Rodgers, K.S. Ocean acidification and calcifying reef organisms: a mesocosm investigation. Coral Reefs Volume 27, Number 3 (2008), pgs. 473-483.

Middlebrook, Rachael. Hoegh-Guldberg, Ove. Leggat, William. The effect of thermal history on the susceptibility of reef-building corals to thermal stress. The Journal of experimental Biology, Volume 211 (2008), pgs. 1050-1056.


Ocean Acidification: The Facts. Epoca (2009). http://www.epoca-project.eu/index.php/what-do-we-do/outreach/rug/oa-the-facts.html.


Shamberger, K.E.F., Feely, R.A., et. al. Calcification and organic production on a Hawaiian coral reef. Marine Chemistry, Volume 127 (2011), pgs. 64-75.




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